
The Roman Catholic Church divides sin into two categories: mortal sin and venial sin. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, a venial sin is committed when one in a less serious matter, he does not observe the standard prescribed by the moral law, or when he disobeys the moral law in a grave matter, but without full knowledge or without complete consent. Venial sins do not break one's friendship with God but injure it. They do not exclude one from heaven but weaken one's charity and impede one's soul's progress in the exercise of virtues and practice of moral good.
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Definition | A venial sin is a lesser sin that does not result in a complete separation from God and eternal damnation in Hell as an unrepented mortal sin would. |
Venial sins are forgivable and do not break one's friendship with God, but injure it. | |
Venial sins "do not deprive the sinner of sanctifying grace, friendship with God, charity, and consequently, eternal happiness." | |
Biblical Basis | The distinction between mortal and venial sins is supported by 1 John 5:16–17, 1 Timothy 1:13, John 19:11, 2 Samuel 12:7–15, and Luke 12:47–48. |
Types | The Catechism describes two types of venial sin. |
Type 1: A venial sin is committed when "in a less serious matter [than mortal sin], he does not observe the standard prescribed by the moral law." | |
Type 2: A venial sin is committed when "the matter is serious enough to be gravely immoral, but the offense lacks at least one of the other essential elements required for mortal sin." | |
Examples | Deliberate hatred, abusive language, and masturbation can be considered venial sins depending on the context and the intention. |
What You'll Learn
Venial sins do not break one's friendship with God
According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, venial sins do not break one's friendship with God. They do, however, injure this relationship. Venial sins are considered less serious, and they do not result in a complete separation from God and eternal damnation in Hell as an unrepented mortal sin would.
Venial sins are committed when one does not observe the standard prescribed by the moral law in a less serious matter. Alternatively, they can be committed when one disobeys the moral law in a grave matter but without full knowledge or without complete consent. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that "venial sin does not deprive the sinner of sanctifying grace, friendship with God, charity, and consequently, eternal happiness."
To determine whether a sin is venial or mortal, one can ask three questions:
- Did the act involve a grave matter?
- Was the act committed with full knowledge of the wrongdoing?
- Was the act done with full consent?
If all three questions are answered affirmatively, the sin is considered mortal. If any one of the three questions is answered negatively, the sin is considered venial.
While venial sins do not break one's friendship with God, they are still to be taken seriously. Each venial sin weakens one's relationship with God and makes one more vulnerable to committing mortal sins. Therefore, while venial sins do not exclude one from Heaven, they can lead to a path of increased sinfulness that may ultimately result in a break in one's relationship with God.
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Venial sins are forgivable
According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, venial sins are forgivable. They are less serious, and do not result in a complete separation from God and eternal damnation in Hell as an unrepented mortal sin would. Venial sins do not break one's friendship with God, but they do injure it.
The Catechism states:
> One commits venial sin when, in a less serious matter, he does not observe the standard prescribed by the moral law, or when he disobeys the moral law in a grave matter, but without full knowledge or without complete consent.
The definition of the word "venial" is "forgivable". When an act is venially sinful, it is not ordered towards what is good, but the subject-matter is not considered "grave". Such an action, even if committed with full knowledge and consent, remains venial as long as the subject-matter is not serious.
To determine whether a sin is venial, one can ask the following three questions:
- Did the act involve a grave matter?
- Was the act committed with full knowledge of the wrongdoing?
- Was the act done with full consent of the will?
If any one of these questions is answered in the negative, only the criteria for a venial sin have been met.
Venial sins require penance, and confession is recommended. Although venial sins do not exclude one from heaven, they weaken the will, making one more vulnerable to committing mortal sins.
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Venial sins do not exclude people from heaven
According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, venial sins do not exclude people from heaven. A venial sin is a lesser sin that does not result in a complete separation from God and eternal damnation in Hell as an unrepented mortal sin would. Venial sins do not break one's friendship with God but injure it.
The Catechism defines venial sin as "sin committed in a less serious matter" or "when he disobeys the moral law in a grave matter but without full knowledge or without complete consent". An example of this could be masturbation. The Catechism explains that to form an equitable judgment about the subject's moral responsibility, one must take into account the affective immaturity, force of acquired habit, conditions of anxiety, or other psychological or social factors that can lessen, if not even reduce to a minimum, moral culpability.
The Magisterium states that although a number of venial sins do not themselves add up to a mortal sin, each venial sin weakens the will further, and the more willing one becomes to allow such falls, the more one is inclined towards and will inevitably fall into mortal sins if one continues along this path.
In summary, venial sins do not exclude people from heaven, but they do damage one's relationship with God.
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Venial sins do not result in eternal damnation in Hell
According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, venial sins do not result in eternal damnation in Hell. Venial sins are considered less serious, and while they may damage a person's relationship with God, they do not result in a complete separation or a loss of eternal life.
The Catechism defines venial sin as an act that is not ordered towards what is good and is considered sinful, either venially or mortally. A venial sin is committed in a less serious matter, where the sinner does not observe the standard prescribed by moral law. It can also involve a grave matter but is committed without full knowledge or complete consent. For example, abusive language is considered a venial sin unless the circumstances or intention make it a grave offense. Similarly, hatred of a neighbour is a venial sin unless one deliberately desires them grave harm.
Venial sins do not break the covenant with God and can be repaired with God's grace. They do not deprive the sinner of sanctifying grace, friendship with God, charity, and consequently, eternal happiness. However, deliberate and unrepented venial sins can gradually lead to mortal sins, which are considered more serious.
The distinction between mortal and venial sins is an essential aspect of Catholic doctrine, and it is important for followers to strive to overcome venial sins to avoid falling into mortal sins.
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Venial sins do not set one in direct opposition to God's will
The Roman Catholic Church divides sin into two categories: mortal sin and venial sin. Mortal sins are those that exclude people from the kingdom of God, whereas venial sins are those that do not. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, venial sin allows charity to subsist, though it offends and wounds it. Venial sins do not break the covenant with God and do not set one in direct opposition to God's will and friendship. They do not result in a complete separation from God and can be forgiven.
Venial sins are committed when one does not observe the standard prescribed by the moral law in a less serious matter, or when one disobeys the moral law in a grave matter but without full knowledge or complete consent. The definition of the word "venial" is "forgivable". An act, when it is not ordered toward what is good, is considered sinful – either venially or mortally. When such an act is venially sinful, it entails subject matter that is not considered "grave". Such an action, even if it is committed with full knowledge and full consent, remains venial as long as the subject matter of the act is not serious.
The Catechism describes two main types of venial sin. Firstly, one commits venial sin when, in a less serious matter, they do not observe the standard prescribed by the moral law. In other words, if one does something immoral, but the matter is not serious enough to be gravely immoral, they commit only venial sin. For example, deliberate hatred can be a venial or mortal sin depending on the seriousness of the hatred. The Catechism explains, "Hatred of the neighbor is a sin when one deliberately wishes him evil. Hatred of the neighbor is a grave sin when one deliberately desires him grave harm."
The second type of venial sin involves situations in which the matter is serious enough to be gravely immoral, but the offense lacks at least one of the other essential elements required for mortal sin. This occurs when one disobeys the moral law in a grave matter but without full knowledge or without complete consent. An example of this could be masturbation. To form an equitable judgment about the subject's moral responsibility for masturbation, one must take into account the affective immaturity, force of acquired habit, conditions of anxiety, or other psychological or social factors that can lessen, if not even reduce to a minimum, moral culpability.
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Frequently asked questions
Venial sin is a lesser sin that does not result in a complete separation from God and eternal damnation in Hell as an unrepented mortal sin would. Venial sin allows charity to subsist, though it offends and wounds it.
Mortal sin destroys charity in the heart of man by a grave violation of God's law; it turns man away from God.
Venial sin does not break the covenant with God. It does not deprive the sinner of sanctifying grace, friendship with God, charity, and consequently, eternal happiness. Mortal sin, on the other hand, results in the privation of sanctifying grace, that is, of the state of grace. If it is not redeemed by repentance and God's forgiveness, it causes exclusion from Christ's kingdom and the eternal death of hell.
According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, one commits a venial sin when, in a less serious matter, one does not observe the standard prescribed by the moral law, or when one disobeys the moral law in a grave matter, but without full knowledge or without complete consent. If all three questions—did the act involve a grave matter, was the act committed with full knowledge of the wrongdoing, and was the act done with full consent of the will—are answered in the affirmative, the criteria for a mortal sin have been met.